All Implemented Interfaces:

ActionListener, EventListener
```
public final class Picture
extends Object
implements ActionListener
```
The Picture data type provides a basic capability for manipulating the individual pixels of an image. You can either create a blank image (of a given dimension) or read an image in a supported file format (typically JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP). This class also includes methods for displaying the image in a window and saving it to a file.
Use in the curriculum. The Picture class is intended for use in the curriculum once objects are introduced. The StdPicture class is intended for earlier use in the curriculum, before objects (but it can support only one picture at a time). See GrayscalePicture for a version that supports grayscale images.
Getting started. To use this class, you must have Picture in your Java classpath. Here are three possible ways to do this:
- If you ran our autoinstaller, use the commands javac-introcs and java-introcs (or javac-algs4 and java-algs4) when compiling and executing. These commands add stdlib.jar (or algs4.jar) to the Java classpath, which provides access to Picture.
- Download stdlib.jar (or algs4.jar) and add it to the Java classpath.
- Download StdPicture.java and Picture.java and put them in the working directory.
As a test, cut-and-paste the following short program into your editor:
```
   public class TestPicture {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           Picture picture = new Picture("https://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/mandrill.jpg");
           picture.show();
       }
   }
  
```
If you compile and execute the program, you should see a picture of a mandrill (a colorful monkey native to west-central Africa) in a window.
Anatomy of an image. An image is a width-by-height grid of pixels, with pixel (0, 0) in the upper-left corner. Each pixel has a color that is represented using the RGB color model, which specifies the levels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) on an integer scale from 0 to 255.

Creating pictures. You can use the following constructors to create new Picture objects:
- Picture(String filename)
- Picture(int width, int height)
The first constructor read an image in a supported file format (typically JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP) and initializes the picture to that image. The second constructor creates a width-by-height picture, with each pixel black.
Getting and setting the colors of the individual pixels. You can use the following methods to get and set the color of a specified pixel:
- get(int col, int row)
- set(int col, int row, Color color)
The first method returns the color of pixel (col, row) as a Color object. The second method sets the color of pixel (col, row) to the specified color.
Iterating over the pixels. A common operation in image processing is to iterate over and process all of the pixels in an image. Here is a prototypical example that creates a grayscale version of a color image, using the NTSC formula Y = 0.299r + 0.587g + 0.114b. Note that if the red, green, and blue components of an RGB color are all equal, the color is a shade of gray.
```
  Picture picture   = new Picture("https://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/mandrill.jpg");
  Picture grayscale = new Picture(picture.width(), picture.height());
  for (int col = 0; col < picture.width(); col++) {
      for (int row = 0; row < picture.height(); row++) {
          Color color = picture.get(col, row);
          int r = color.getRed();
          int g = color.getGreen();
          int b = color.getBlue();
          int y = (int) (Math.round(0.299*r + 0.587*g + 0.114*b));
          Color gray = new Color(y, y, y);
          grayscale.set(col, row, gray);
      }
  }
  picture.show();
  grayscale.show();
  
```
Transparency. Both the Color and Picture classes support transparency, using the alpha channel. The alpha value defines the transparency of a color, with 0 corresponding to completely transparent and 255 to completely opaque. If transparency is not explicitly used, the alpha values is 255.
32-bit color. Sometimes it is more convenient (or efficient) to manipulate the color of a pixel as a single 32-bit integers instead of four 8-bit components. The following methods support this:
- getARGB(int col, int row)
- setARGB(int col, int row, int rgb)
The alpha (A), red (R), green (G), and blue (B) components are encoded as a single 32-bit integer. Given a 32-bit int encoding the color, the following code extracts the ARGB components:
```
  int a = (rgb >> 24) & 0xFF;
  int r = (rgb >> 16) & 0xFF;
  int g = (rgb >>  8) & 0xFF;
  int b = (rgb >>  0) & 0xFF;
  
```
Given the ARGB components (8-bits each) of a color, the following statement packs it into a 32-bit int:
```
  int argb = (a << 24) | (r << 16) | (g << 8) | (b << 0);
  
```
Coordinates. Pixel (col, row) is column col and row row. By default, the origin (0, 0) is the pixel in the upper-left corner. These are common conventions in image processing and consistent with Java's BufferedImage data type. The following two methods allow you to change this convention:
- setOriginLowerLeft()
- setOriginUpperLeft()
Saving files. The Picture class supports writing images to a supported file format (typically JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP). You can save the picture to a file using these two methods:
- save(String filename)
- save(File file)
Alternatively, you can save the picture interactively by using the menu option File → Save from the picture window.
File formats. The Picture class supports reading and writing images to any of the file formats supported by javax.imageio (typically JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP). The file extensions corresponding to JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP, are .jpg, .png, .gif, .tif, and .bmp, respectively. The file formats JPEG and BMP do not support transparency.
Memory usage. A W-by-H picture uses ~ 4 W H bytes of memory, since the color of each pixel is encoded as a 32-bit int.
Additional documentation. For additional documentation, see Section 3.1 of Computer Science: An Interdisciplinary Approach by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
Author:

Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor	Description
`Picture(int width, int height)`	Creates a `width`-by-`height` picture, with `width` columns and `height` rows, where each pixel is black.
`Picture(File file)`	Creates a picture by reading the image from a JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, or TIFF file.
`Picture(String filename)`	Creates a picture by reading a JPEG, PNG, GIF , BMP, or TIFF image from a file or URL.
`Picture(Picture picture)`	Creates a new picture that is a deep copy of the argument picture.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`void`	`actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)`	Opens a save dialog box when the user selects "Save As" from the menu.
`boolean`	`equals(Object other)`	Returns `true` if this picture is equal to the argument picture, and `false` otherwise.
`Color`	`get(int col, int row)`	Returns the color of pixel (`col`, `row`) as a `Color` object.
`int`	`getARGB(int col, int row)`	Returns the ARGB color of pixel (`col`, `row`) as a 32-bit integer.
`JLabel`	`getJLabel()`	Returns a `JLabel` containing this picture, for embedding in a `JPanel`, `JFrame` or other GUI widget.
`int`	`hashCode()`	This operation is not supported because pictures are mutable.
`int`	`height()`	Returns the height of the picture.
`void`	`hide()`	Hides the window containing the picture.
`boolean`	`isVisible()`	Is the window containing the picture visible?
`static void`	`main(String[] args)`	Unit tests this `Picture` data type.
`void`	`save(File file)`	Saves the picture to a file in a supported file format (typically JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP).
`void`	`save(String filename)`	Saves the picture to a file in a supported file format (typically JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP).
`void`	`set(int col, int row, Color color)`	Sets the color of pixel (`col`, `row`) to the given color.
`void`	`setARGB(int col, int row, int argb)`	Sets the color of pixel (`col`, `row`) to the given ARGB color.
`void`	`setOriginLowerLeft()`	Sets the origin (0, 0) to be the lower left pixel.
`void`	`setOriginUpperLeft()`	Sets the origin (0, 0) to be the upper left pixel.
`void`	`setTitle(String title)`	Sets the title of this picture.
`void`	`show()`	Displays the picture in a window on the screen.
`String`	`toString()`	Returns a string representation of this picture.
`int`	`width()`	Returns the width of the picture.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
  - Picture
```
public Picture(int width,
               int height)
```
    Creates a width-by-height picture, with width columns and height rows, where each pixel is black.
    
    Parameters:
    
    width - the width of the picture
    
    height - the height of the picture
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if width is negative or zero
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if height is negative or zero
  - Picture
```
public Picture(Picture picture)
```
    Creates a new picture that is a deep copy of the argument picture.
    
    Parameters:
    
    picture - the picture to copy
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if picture is null
  - Picture
```
public Picture(String filename)
```
    Creates a picture by reading a JPEG, PNG, GIF , BMP, or TIFF image from a file or URL. The filetype extension must be .jpg, .png, .gif, .bmp, or .tif.
    
    Parameters:
    
    filename - the name of the file or URL
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if filename is null
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if cannot read image from file or URL
  - Picture
```
public Picture(File file)
```
    Creates a picture by reading the image from a JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, or TIFF file. The filetype extension must be .jpg, .png, .gif, .bmp, or .tif.
    
    Parameters:
    
    file - the file
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if cannot read image
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if file is null
- Method Detail
  - getJLabel
```
public JLabel getJLabel()
```
    Returns a JLabel containing this picture, for embedding in a JPanel, JFrame or other GUI widget.
    
    Returns:
    
    the JLabel
  - setOriginUpperLeft
```
public void setOriginUpperLeft()
```
    Sets the origin (0, 0) to be the upper left pixel. This is the default.
  - setOriginLowerLeft
```
public void setOriginLowerLeft()
```
    Sets the origin (0, 0) to be the lower left pixel.
  - show
```
public void show()
```
    Displays the picture in a window on the screen.
  - hide
```
public void hide()
```
    Hides the window containing the picture.
  - isVisible
```
public boolean isVisible()
```
    Is the window containing the picture visible?
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the picture is visible, and false otherwise
  - height
```
public int height()
```
    Returns the height of the picture.
    
    Returns:
    
    the height of the picture (in pixels)
  - width
```
public int width()
```
    Returns the width of the picture.
    
    Returns:
    
    the width of the picture (in pixels)
  - get
```
public Color get(int col,
                 int row)
```
    Returns the color of pixel (col, row) as a Color object.
    
    Parameters:
    
    col - the column index
    
    row - the row index
    
    Returns:
    
    the color of pixel (col, row)
    
    Throws:
    
    IndexOutOfBoundsException - unless both 0 <= col < width and 0 <= row < height
  - getARGB
```
public int getARGB(int col,
                   int row)
```
    Returns the ARGB color of pixel (col, row) as a 32-bit integer. Using this method can be more efficient than get(int, int) because it does not create a Color object.
    
    Parameters:
    
    col - the column index
    
    row - the row index
    
    Returns:
    
    the 32-bit integer representation of the ARGB color of pixel (col, row)
    
    Throws:
    
    IndexOutOfBoundsException - unless both 0 <= col < width and 0 <= row < height
  - set
```
public void set(int col,
                int row,
                Color color)
```
    Sets the color of pixel (col, row) to the given color.
    
    Parameters:
    
    col - the column index
    
    row - the row index
    
    color - the color
    
    Throws:
    
    IndexOutOfBoundsException - unless both 0 <= col < width and 0 <= row < height
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if color is null
  - setARGB
```
public void setARGB(int col,
                    int row,
                    int argb)
```
    Sets the color of pixel (col, row) to the given ARGB color.
    
    Parameters:
    
    col - the column index
    
    row - the row index
    
    argb - the 32-bit integer representation of the color
    
    Throws:
    
    IndexOutOfBoundsException - unless both 0 <= col < width and 0 <= row < height
  - equals
```
public boolean equals(Object other)
```
    Returns true if this picture is equal to the argument picture, and false otherwise.
    
    Overrides:
    
    equals in class Object
    
    Parameters:
    
    other - the other picture
    
    Returns:
    
    true if this picture is the same dimension as other and if all pixels have the same color; false otherwise
  - toString
```
public String toString()
```
    Returns a string representation of this picture. The result is a width-by-height matrix of pixels, where the color of a pixel is represented using 6 hex digits to encode the red, green, and blue components.
    
    Overrides:
    
    toString in class Object
    
    Returns:
    
    a string representation of this picture
  - hashCode
```
public int hashCode()
```
    This operation is not supported because pictures are mutable.
    
    Overrides:
    
    hashCode in class Object
    
    Returns:
    
    does not return a value
    
    Throws:
    
    UnsupportedOperationException - if called
  - setTitle
```
public void setTitle(String title)
```
    Sets the title of this picture.
    
    Parameters:
    
    title - the title
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if title is null
  - save
```
public void save(String filename)
```
    Saves the picture to a file in a supported file format (typically JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP). The filetype extension must be .jpg, .png, .gif, .bmp, or .tif. If the file format does not support transparency (such as JPEG or BMP), it will be converted to be opaque (with purely transparent pixels converted to black).
    
    Parameters:
    
    filename - the name of the file
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if filename is null
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if filename is the empty string
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if filename has invalid filetype extension
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if cannot write the file filename
  - save
```
public void save(File file)
```
    Saves the picture to a file in a supported file format (typically JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP). The filetype extension must be .jpg, .png, .gif, .bmp, or .tif. If the file format does not support transparency (such as JPEG or BMP), it will be converted to be opaque (with purely transparent pixels converted to black).
    
    Parameters:
    
    file - the file
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if file is null
  - actionPerformed
```
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
```
    Opens a save dialog box when the user selects "Save As" from the menu.
    
    Specified by:
    
    actionPerformed in interface ActionListener
  - main
```
public static void main(String[] args)
```
    Unit tests this Picture data type. Reads a picture specified by the command-line argument, and shows it in a window on the screen.
    
    Parameters:
    
    args - the command-line arguments

Class Picture

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

Picture

Picture

Picture

Picture

Method Detail

getJLabel

setOriginUpperLeft

setOriginLowerLeft

show

hide

isVisible

height

width

get

getARGB

set

setARGB

equals

toString

hashCode

setTitle

save

save

actionPerformed

main